Ràdio / Radio

Índex

Espectre / Spectrum
Emissores / Broadcasters
Botigues / Shops
Comercial / Commercial
Software Defined Radio
- CubicSDR
- gqrx
Ràdio híbrida / Hybrid radio
Tècnica / Technics
Antenes / Antennas
DCF-77
Ràdio per Internet / Internet radio

Espectre / Spectrum

Radio spectrum (wp)
THE EUROPEAN TABLE OF FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND APPLICATIONS IN THE FREQUENCY RANGE 8.3 kHz to 3000 GHz (ECA TABLE) (document pdf)
United States Frequency Allocation Chart
- 2016 pdf
Database of Frequency Allocations (interactiu)
The Roke United Kingdom Frequency Allocation Table
...

ITU	banda	freqüència	longitud d'ona	subbanda	freqüències assignades	ús
1	ELF	3-30 Hz
2	SLF	30-300 Hz
3	ULF	300-3000 Hz
4	VLF	3-30 kHz
5	LF	30-300 kHz	10km ~ 1km		LW: 153~500kHz	DCF77
6	MF	300-3000 kHz	1000m ~ 100m		MW: 531~1602Hz DRM: 150 kHz - 30 MHz	DRM
7	HF	3-30 MHz	100m ~ 10m		SW: 2300-29900 KHz CB: 27MHz	DRM
8	VHF	30-300 MHz	10m ~ 1m		FM: 64/87,5 ~ 108 MHz	(svg)
9	UHF	300-3000 MHz		IV	470-590 MHz (C21-C35)	TV walkie-talkie Motorola T60: 446MHz (PMR)
				V	590-862 MHz (C36-C69)
					950-2150 MHz	TV sat
10	SHF	3-30 GHz
11	EHF	30-300 GHz
12	THF	300-3000 GHz

Emissores / Broadcasters

Botigues / Shops

AQ DAB (UK)
Astroradio

Comercial / Commercial

Software Defined Radio

Info

Desmodulació genèrica / Generic demodulation: quadrature demodulation (I, Q)

...

modulation	demodulation from I, Q
amplitude	$A = \sqrt{I^{2} + Q^{2}}$
phase	$P = atan (\frac{I}{Q})$
frequence	$F = \frac{d atan (\frac{I}{Q})}{d t}$

10 Common Mistakes Made With Software Defined Radio (yt)
- What software; Device driver; Coax type & losses; Signal bandwidth; Time of day; Modulation type; High gain setting; Low gain setting; Cheap & cloned SDR's; Antennas
Opendigitalradio
...

Maquinari / Hardware

Receptors

ATS-25 (harduino.ru)

Mini SSB receiver ATS-25 (LW/MW/SW/FM) (yt)
Beauneo ATS-25 Si4732 Receptor de Radio de Banda Completa Receptor DSP FM LW (MW y SW) y SSB con Pantalla de Contacto de 2,4 Pulgadas
2.4 Inch Touch Screen SI4732 Full Band Radio Receiver FM LW (MW & SW) SSB with Lithium Battery + Antenna + Speaker + Case

ATS-25 Max-Decoder

Info
- Testing the ATS25 Max-Decoder Receiver

Freqüències

132 kHz ~ 30000 kHz AM, SYNC, SSB, CW, DIGI
64 MHz ~ 108 MHz FM, RDS

		modulació	descodificació
LW	153~500kHz	AM	CW, DIGI
MW	520~1710kHz
SW	1730~30000kHz
FM	64~108MHz	FM	RDS

Decoder

CW / Morse
Digital: RTTY (45.45 / 50 / 75 baud), FT8, FT4, FELD-HELL

Firmware
- 4.16 AIR / 23.07.2023

família	Marca	Model	USB ID	frequency range	Tuner	TCXO	Bias Tee	preu sense antenes	bundle amb antenes
RTL-SDR	Andoer	Mini USB 2.0			R820T2			...	13,99€
	NooElec (Amazon)	NESDR Nano 2			R820T2	-
		NESDR Nano 2+			R820T2	0.5PPM		22,95€
		NESDR Nano 3			R820T2	0.5PPM			31,95€
		NESDR Mini 2			R820T2	-		21,70€
		NESDR Mini 2+			R820T2	0.5PPM		...	24,95€
		NESDR Mini 2+ Al			R820T2	0.5PPM
		NESDR SMArt v4			R820T2	0.5PPM		26,95€	32,95€
		NESDR SMArt v5		100kHz - 1750MHz	RTL2832U, R820T2	0.5PPM	-	40,51€	52€
		NESDR SMArTee v2 (negre) (bundle) (faq) base 433MHz 3dBi antenna (negra llarga / long black) UHF 800-2200 MHz 3G, 5dBi antenna (negra curta / short black) telescopic		25MHz - 1750MHz	R820T2	0.5PPM	x	26,95€	32,95€
		NESDR XTR Tiny			E4000	-			33,95€
		NESDR SMArt XTR			E4000	0.5-PPM		39,95€
		NESDR SMArTee XTR (platejat)	0bda:2838		E4000	0,5PPM	x	39,95€	48,95€
		RaTLSnake M6 v2 (joc d'antenes) base magnètica helical: RaTLsnake M6 (stubby, black) UHF 1100 MHz to 1800MHz DVB-T2 (black with blue bands): RaTLsnake M6, 700MHz to 1200MHz telescopic, 100-800 MHz		55MHz - 2300MHz				18,95€
	RTL-SDR.com

RTL-SDR

basat en RTL2832U
RTL-SDR.com
Aplicacions / Applications
- Efergy
Programari / Software
- RTL-SDR for Linux: Quick Start Guide (pdf)
Maquinari / Hardware
- Review and Comparison: Nooelec SMArt XTR and SMArtee XTR

Sintonitzador / Tuner

Tuner	Freq
Elonics E4000	52MHz - 2200MHz
Rafael Micro R820T, R820T2	24MHz - 1776MHz

Great Scott Gadgets
- Lessons
- Devices
  - HackRF
...

Software

GNU radio
Qt-DAB-3.0, Digital Radio and more.
Tempest for Eliza (AM)
Tempest for Mp3 FM

Programari / Software

tipus	nom	owner	descripció / description	install	info	eines / tools
cli	osmo-fl2k	Osmocon	Transmission over USB to VGA adapters (based on Fresco Logic FL2000)
driver	rtl-sdr (gh)	Osmocon	Drivers for RTL-SDR devices. Known apps using librtlsdr	`urpmi rtl-sdr` `apt-get install rtl-sdr`		`rtl_test -t` `rtl_fm` `...`
cli	GNU Radio	GNU		`urpmi gnuradio` conda	wiki
cli	gr-osmocon	Osmocon	(used by gqrx, gr-dvbt)	`urpmi gr-osmosdr`		osmocom_fft osmocom_siggen
cli	rtl_433		Generic data receiver, mainly for the 433.92 MHz, 868 MHz (SRD), 315 MHz, and 915 MHz ISM bands			`rtl_433`
gui	GNU Radio Companion - GRC	GNU	Flowgraphs GUI	`urpmi gnuradio-companion`	Guided Tutorial GRC	`gnuradio-companion`
gui	gqrx		General purpose radio/spectrum analyzer	`urpmi gqrx` conda	Practical tricks and tips	`gqrx`
gui	CubicSDR		General purpose radio/spectrum analyzer	(from source)		`CubicSDR`
gui	RTLSDR Scanner
	rtlizer		Simple spectrum analyzer
gui	SDR++			nightly build
gui	SDR Console	SDR-radio.com		(only MS Windows)
gui	SDR Sharp	AirSpy		(only MS Windows
gui	SDRuno	SDR Play		(only MS Windows; commercial)
gui	SDRangel		... + DAB receiver
gui	welle.io		DAB, DAB+ receiver

GNU Radio
- Install from packages
  - Mageia
    - dnf install python3-pyaml gnuradio gnuradio-companion
- Install from source
  - Dependencies
    - Mageia
      - sudo dnf install python3-mako python3-pip
    - ...
  - Steps
    1. Installing Volk
    2. Installing GNU Radio
- Install with conda
  - CondaInstall
  - Passos / Steps
    1. install conda
    2. conda create -n gnuradio
    3. conda activate gnuradio
    4. conda config --env --add channels conda-forge
      conda config --env --set channel_priority strict
    5. conda install gnuradio
    6. conda install gqrx rtl-sdr gnuradio-osmosdr
- Examples
  - gr-analog / examples
- GNU Radio Companion (GUI to Python)
  - Tutorials
  - conda activate gnuradio
  - gnuradio-companion
    - Wx -> Qt
    - Exemples
      - ~/.conda/envs/gnuradio/share/gnuradio/examples/
        
        analog/
        
        USRP_FM_stereo.grc
    - Problemes
      - AttributeError: module 'PyQt5.Qt' has no attribute 'QValidator'
        
        Solució
        
        instal·leu gnuradio amb conda
        
        ... python3-qt5-...
  - ...
gqrx
- Instal·lació
  - conda
- Documentation
  - Practical tricks and tips
  - FFT settings
    - Enable Band Plan
      - mostra l'ús de la banda actual
gr-osmocon
- Install from source
  - Dependencies
    - GNU Radio
    - Mageia
      - ...
  - Steps
    1. ...
- ...
CubicSDR
- Compilació / Compilation
  - Build Linux
    - Dependencies
      - Mageia 9
        
        dnf install lib64soapy-sdr-devellib64pulseaudio-devel lib64wxgtku3.2-devel
      - Mageia 8
        
        urpmi lib64pulseaudio-devel lib64wxgtku3.0-devel
      - from source
        
        Build and install SoapySDR (no cal si ja heu instal·lat lib64soapy-sdr-devel)
        
        # echo /usr/local/lib64 >/etc/ld.so.conf.d/local64.conf
        
        SoapyRTLSDR (similar to other Soapy modules)
        
        Mageia 9
        
        sudo dnf install lib64rtl-sdr-devel
        
        git clone https://github.com/pothosware/SoapyRTLSDR.git
        
        cd SoapyRTLSDR
        
        mkdir build
        
        cd build
        
        cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
        
        make
        
        sudo make install
        
        sudo sh -c 'echo "/usr/local/lib64" >>/etc/ld.so.conf.d/local.conf'
        
        sudo ldconfig
        
        # should now show RTL-SDR device if connected
        
        SoapySDRUtil --info
        
        Build and install liquid-dsp
        
        git clone https://github.com/jgaeddert/liquid-dsp
        
        cd liquid-dsp
        
        ./bootstrap.sh
        
        CFLAGS="-march=native -O3" ./configure --enable-fftoverride
        
        make -j4
        
        sudo make install
        
        sudo sh -c 'echo "/usr/local/lib" >>/etc/ld.so.conf.d/local.conf'
        
        sudo ldconfig
        
        Build static latest wxWidgets (3.2.1) (no cal si ja heu instal·lat lib64wxgtku3.2-devel)
    - Build
      - git clone https://github.com/cjcliffe/CubicSDR.git
      - cd CubicSDR
      - mkdir build
      - cd build
      - cmake ../ -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
      - make # You can now run the build from the folder, note if you're on 32-bit linux it will be in x86/
      - cd x64/
      - ./CubicSDR
- ...
SDR++
- ...
osmo-fl2k
- Maquinari / Hardware
  - Convertidor de adaptador USB 3,0 2,0 a VGA, macho-hembra, 1080P (xip: HU93A) (AliExpress)
  - BENFEI USB 3.0 to VGA Adapter, USB 3.0 to VGA Male to Female Adapter
    - Comercial
      - Adaptador USB 3.0 a VGA, BENFEI 1080P Full HD macho a hembra convertidor, Caja de aluminio (Amazon)
        
        1d5c:2000 Fresco Logic FL2000/FL2000DX VGA/DVI/HDMI Adapter
- Instal·lació / Installation
  - Dependències / Dependencies
    - Mageia
      - dnf install lib64usb1.0-devel
  - ...
  - sudo -i
  - echo "/usr/local/lib64" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/local.conf
  - ldconfig
- Ús / Usage
  - test
    - fl2k_test
- ...
RTLSDR Scanner
- ...
rtlizer
- ...
rtl_433
- Arduino / ESP32
- cescp / rtl_433
  - Wrong measures with Efergy Optical #1229
    - Efergy Optical transmitter can operate in three modes:
      - red led: information is sent every 30s
      - orange led: information is sent every 60s
      - green led: information is sent every 90s
    - To get the mode: short-push the physical button on transmitter.
    - To set the mode: long-push the physical button on transmitter.
    - The mode information is present in byte[3]:
      - red led (every 30s): bytes[3]=64 (0100 0000)
      - orange led (every 60s): bytes[3]=80 (0101 0000)
      - green led (every 90s): bytes[3]=96 (0110 0000)
- build
  - dependències / dependencies
    - Mageia
      - urpmi cmake lib64rtl-sdr-devel
    - Debian
      - apt-get install cmake librtlsdr-dev
  - BUILDING
    - cd ~src
    - git clone https://github.com/merbanan/rtl_433.git
    - cd rtl_433
    - mkdir build
    - cd build
    - cmake ..
    - make
    - sudo make install
- ús / usage
  - rtl_433 -h
  - rtl_433
  - rtl_433 -M newmodel -F json:toto.json
  - MQTT
    - rtl_433 -F mqtt
    - rtl_433 -F mqtt:localhost:1883
    - rtl_433 -F "mqtt://localhost:1883"
      rtl_433 -F "mqtt://localhost:1883,retain=1"
    - topics
      - Publishing device info to MQTT topic "rtl_433/<hostname>/devices[/type][/model][/subtype][/channel][/id]".
        Publishing events info to MQTT topic "rtl_433/<hostname>/events".
        Publishing states info to MQTT topic "rtl_433/<hostname>/states".
    - exemples
      - rtl_433/raspberrypi/events {"time":"2020-02-16 09:35:14","brand":"OS","model":"OSv1 Temperature Sensor","sid":9,"channel":2,"battery":"OK","temperature_C":21.3}
        rtl_433/raspberrypi/devices/OSv1_Temperature_Sensor/2/time 2020-02-16 09:35:14
        rtl_433/raspberrypi/devices/OSv1_Temperature_Sensor/2/sid 9
        rtl_433/raspberrypi/devices/OSv1_Temperature_Sensor/2/channel 2
        rtl_433/raspberrypi/devices/OSv1_Temperature_Sensor/2/battery OK
        rtl_433/raspberrypi/devices/OSv1_Temperature_Sensor/2/temperature_C 21.3
        ...
  - Efergy
    - rtl_433 -f 433.5M
    - rtl_433 -f 433.5M -F mqtt
    - exemples
      - rtl_433/raspberrypi/events {"time":"2020-02-16 13:54:29","model":"Efergy Optical","id":542629,"pulses":4000,"pulsecount":5,"energy":0.075}
        rtl_433/raspberrypi/devices/Efergy_Optical/542629/time 2020-02-16 13:54:29
        rtl_433/raspberrypi/devices/Efergy_Optical/542629/id 542629
        rtl_433/raspberrypi/devices/Efergy_Optical/542629/pulses 4000
        rtl_433/raspberrypi/devices/Efergy_Optical/542629/pulsecount 5
        rtl_433/raspberrypi/devices/Efergy_Optical/542629/energy 0.075
welle.io
- Instal·lació
- Compilació / Compilation
  - (es recomana la instal·lació amb Flatpak)
  - Dependències
    - Mageia 9
      - sudo dnf install gdb
      - sudo dnf install qt-creator lib64qt5quickcontrols2-devel lib64qt5charts-devel lib64qt5multimedia-devel
      - sudo dnf install lib64faad2-devel lib64mpg123-devel lib64fftw-devel lib64airspy-devel lib64rtl-sdr-devellib64soapy-sdr-devel lib64mp3lame-devel
  - Passos / Steps
    1. git clone https://github.com/AlbrechtL/welle.io.git
    2. Qt Creator
      - open project file: welle.io.pro
- Ús / Usage
...

Ràdio híbrida / Hybrid radio

Hybrid radio (pdf) (EBU)
- RadioDNS

Tècnica / Technics

Modulació / Modulation

	analogue	digital
				bits/symbol	constellation
amplitude	AM	ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying)	OOK (On-Off Keying)	1
amplitude	AM	ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying)	QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)
phase		PSK (Phase Shift Keying)	BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying)	1
			QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)	2
			DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)	2
frequency	FM	FSK

Ràdio galena / Crystal radio
Software Defined Radio
Practical Guide to Radio-Frequency Analysis and Design
- Radio frequency demodulation
  - Understanding quadrature demodulation
RDS - Radio Data System - and FM-DXing
- External RDS reader
- Info
  - Radio Data System (RDS) : analyse du canal numérique transmis par les stations radio FM commerciales, introduction aux codes correcteurs d’erreur
- Programari / Software
- Maquinari / Hardware
  - Build your own RDS decoder! (Puskas Barnabas)
  - Construye tu propio decodificador de RDS para PC
  - Atmel AVR Atmega168 RDS decoder with serial output (Hauppauge WinTV MPX out)
  - Microtune MT1390 / MT1393
  - A turnkey basis for your own RDS hardware (Esslinger) (pdf: see at the end)
  - Decodificador RDS
  - RDS-Dekoder
    - TDA 7330
- RDS casolà per l'ordinador

DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting)

ETSI Estàndards / Standards ()
- ETSI EN 300 401 "Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) to mobile, portable and fixed receivers"
- ETSI TS 101 756 "DAB Registered Tables"
- ETSI TS 102 427 "DAB. Data broadcasting - MPEG2 TS streaming"
World DAB
RNE DAB
DAB vs DAB+
Digital Radio Tech
Catalunya

emissor	canal	freqüència	etiqueta	id	emissores
Collserola	7A	188,928 MHz	BCN DAB+	0xEE08	CHINAFM	DAB+ HE-AAC, 48 kHz Stereo @ 88 kbit/s
				0xEE06	EUROPA PLUS	DAB+ HE-AAC, 48 kHz Stereo @ 88 kbit/s
				0xE159	H11 RADIO	DAB+ HE-AAC, 48 kHz Stereo @ 88 kbit/s
				0xEE07	LOCA URBAN	DAB+ HE-AAC, 48 kHz Stereo @ 88 kbit/s
				0xEE04	MDTRADIO BCN	DAB+ HE-AAC, 48 kHz Stereo @ 88 kbit/s
				0xFF01	NUMERO 1	DAB+ HE-AAC, 48 kHz Stereo @ 88 kbit/s
				0xEE03	RADIO AMISTAD	DAB+ HE-AAC, 48 kHz Stereo @ 88 kbit/s
				0x22DE	RRN DAB+	DAB+ HE-AAC, 48 kHz Stereo @ 88 kbit/s
	8A	195,936 MHz	MF2	0xEFF8	Cadena100	DAB MPEG 1.0 Layer II, 48 kHz Stereo @ 160 kbit/s
				0xEFED	DAB+ R MARIA	DAB+ HE-AAC, 48 kHz Stereo @ 64 kbit/s
				0xEFF9	EUROPA FM	DAB MPEG 1.0 Layer II, 48 kHz Stereo @ 160 kbit/s
				0xEFF6	KISS FM DIGITAL	DAB MPEG 1.0 Layer II, 48 kHz Stereo @ 160 kbit/s
				0xEFF5	Onda Cero Radio	DAB MPEG 1.0 Layer II, 48 kHz Stereo @ 160 kbit/s
				0xEFF7	RADIO MARIA	DAB MPEG 1.0 Layer II, 48 kHz Stereo @ 96 kbit/s
				0xEFF4	SER Digital	DAB MPEG 1.0 Layer II, 48 kHz Stereo @ 160 kbit/s
	10A	209,936 MHz	MF1 CAT	0xEFFC	COPE DIGITAL	DAB MPEG 1.0 Layer II, 48 kHz Stereo @ 160 kbit/s
				0xEFFF	El Mundo Radio	DAB MPEG 1.0 Layer II, 48 kHz Stereo @ 160 kbit/s
				0xEFFD	IntereconomiaDAB	DAB MPEG 1.0 Layer II, 48 kHz Stereo @ 160 kbit/s
				0xEFE4	Radio 1	DAB MPEG 1.0 Layer II, 48 kHz Stereo @ 96 kbit/s
				0xEFE5	RADIO 5	DAB MPEG 1.0 Layer II, 48 kHz Stereo @ 96 kbit/s
				0xEFE9	Radio 5 DAB+	DAB+ AAC-LC, 48 kHz Stereo @ 96 kbit/s
				0xEFFE	RADIO MARCA	DAB MPEG 1.0 Layer II, 48 kHz Stereo @ 160 kbit/s
				0xEFE8	RNE DAB+	DAB+ AAC-LC, 48 kHz Stereo @ 96 kbit/s
	11B	218,640 MHz	FU-E	0xEFF3	LOS40 CLASSIC	DAB MPEG 1.0 Layer II, 48 kHz Stereo @ 160 kbit/s
				0xEFF2	MegaStar	DAB MPEG 1.0 Layer II, 48 kHz Stereo @ 160 kbit/s
				0xEFF0	RADIO 3	DAB MPEG 1.0 Layer II, 48 kHz Stereo @ 192 kbit/s
				0xEFE2	RADIO 4	DAB MPEG 1.0 Layer II, 48 kHz Stereo @ 96 kbit/s
				0xEFE3	Ràdio 4 DAB+	DAB+ AAC-LC, 48 kHz Stereo @ 96 kbit/s
				0xEFEF	RADIO CLASICA	DAB MPEG 1.0 Layer II, 48 kHz Stereo @ 224 kbit/s
				0xEFF1	REE EUROPA	DAB MPEG 1.0 Layer II, 48 kHz Stereo @ 160 kbit/s
	12A		spaindab.com BCN		Airzen Radio	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s
					DABclassic	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s
					DYNAMIC	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s
					EDM Radio	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s
					FLOW Radio	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s
					GrabaRadio IBIZA	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s
					GRAN VIA RADIO	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s
					HITS 1	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s
					HOUSE Radio	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s
					INOLVIDABLE FM	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s
					La Salxisa	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s
					La Urban Radio	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s
					LEBONMIX	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s
					Littoral FM	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s
					METRORADIO CAT	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s
					ONDA DEL PLATA	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s
					PEPE RADIO	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s
					Play FM	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s
					PUNTO DEL PLATA	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s
				0xF6D7	Pyrénées FM	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s
				0xF999	RADIO EUROSPORT	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s
				0xE388	UCRANIA ENERGY	DAB+ HE-AAC v2, 32 kHz Stereo @ 48 kbit/s

Ràdio Digital Terrestre a Catalunya (STSI)
Senyals DAB a Barcelona (Tibidabo i Collserola) (Món Digital)

Notícies / News
- El Gobierno aprueba un plan para impulsar la digitalización de la radio
- Prova pilot en emissions en DAB (Ona359FM)
Maquinari / Hardware
- Skywords
  - Si468x Digital Radios
- uGreen DAB Board
  - uGreen DABBoard & I2S (digital output)
- ...
Programari / Software
- welle.io (SDR)
- DAB+-Platine für den RasPi

DVB-T2A
- Switchover to DAB: the worst system at the worst possible time (DAB, DAB+, DVB-T2,...)
- Should DVB-T2 be considered as a replacement for DAB instead of DAB+ ?

Radio híbrida / Hybrid radio

RadioDNS (wp)

Developers
- Testing tools
- Discussion boards
  - RadioDNS developers (Google Groups)
  - RadioVIS developers
  - RadioEPG developers
    - Use of wildcards in urls
Info
- RadioDNS published as ETSI Standard
  - "RadioDNS Hybrid Radio; Hybrid lookup for radio services" - ETSI TS 103 270 V1.1.1 (2015-01) (pdf)
- Howto
  - HOWTO - Register your station for RadioDNS Hybrid Radio (pdf)
  - HOWTO - Add SRV records to your Authoritative FQDN (pdf)
- An overview of RadioDNS (YouTube)
- RadioDNS and RadioVIS – Getting Started
- Broadcasters
  - BBC
    - Experiments with RadioDNS (2009)
    - RadioDNS - making your radio more intelligent (2008)
Specification
- ...

Serveis / Services

former name	service name	description	specification	usage	protocol (port)	SRV	served files
	RadioDNS Hybrid Radio; Hybrid lookup for radio services		TS 103 270 v1.3.1
RadioVIS	Visual Slideshow	Visualisation	RVIS01 v1.1.0 TS 101 499 v3.1.1	image slide show (`SHOW` ...) text messages (`TEXT` ...)	STOMP (61613) HTTP (80)	_radiovis._tcp	/topic/[fm,dab]/<gcc\|country>/<pi>/<frequency>/text/ /topic/[fm,dab]/<gcc\|country>/<pi>/<frequency>/image/
RadioEPG	Service and Programme Information	Electronic Programme Guide	REPG01 v1.1.0 TS 102 818 v3.2.1	EPG service-following logos		_radioepg._tcp	http://<epg_server>/radiodns/epg/XSI.xml
RadioTAG	Tagging	Tagging, give feedback	radiotag v1.0.0 draft 5	tag or bookmark radio content give feedback		_radiotag._tcp

RadioVIS

gcc/country (specification v1.1.0, section 2.1)
- gcc (Global Country Code) (3 char hexadecimal)
  - first_nibble_RDS_PI + RDS_ECC
- country (2 char string)
  - ISO 3166 2-char country code

STOMP transport

frame headers RadioDNS body meaning

MESSAGE

STOMP headers:

content-length: ...
expires: ...
destination: ...
subscription: ...
priority: ...
message-id: ...
timestamp: ...

RadioDNS custom headers:

trigger-time: [NOW, <ISO-8601_datetime>]
link: <512-char url of associated content>

TEXT
                                          <128-char text>

show a text

SHOW <url> show an image

Long polling HTTP (Comet) transport

RadioEPG
- RadioDNS XSI Generation Tool
  - Service Provider
  - Service

Providers
- MyRadioDNS
- EBU

Adreces:

	RDS / DAB	RadioDNS entry	DNS Authoritative FQDN	SRV
				RadioVIS	RadioEPG	RadioTAG
		concatenation of parameters	nslookup -type=CNAME ...	nslookup -type=SRV _radiovis._tcp.<prev_column_wo_final_dot>	nslookup -type=SRV _radioepg._tcp...	nslookup -type=SRV _radiotag._tcp...
		<freq>.<PIcode>.<ECCcountry>.[fm,dab].radiodns.org	dig <prev_column> cname	dig _radiovis._tcp.<prev_column_wo_final_dot> srv	dig _radioepf._tcp.<prev_column_wo_final_dot> srv	dig _radiotag._tcp.<prev_column_wo_final_dot> srv
FM RDS	frequency: 98.80MHz PI: c201 ECC: ce1	09880.c201.ce1.fm.radiodns.org	bbc.co.uk.	0 100 61613 radiovis.external.bbc.co.uk.	-	-
	frequency: 95.80MHz PI: c586 ECC: ce1	09580.c586.ce1.fm.radiodns.org	vis.media-ice.musicradio.com.	0 100 80 vis.musicradio.com.
	...	...fm.radiodns.org	rdns.ebulabs.org.	0 100 61613 radiovis.ebu.io.	0 100 80 radiovis.ebu.io.	radiodns1.ebu.ch. coinchon.ebu.ch. 2014011301 1200 600 2419200 36000
DAB	SCIdS: 0 SId: c221 EId: ce15 ECC: ce1	0.c221.ce15.ce1.dab.radiodns.org

Exemple:
- EBU labs
  - dig ...fm.radiodns.org cname
    - ... CNAME rdns.ebulabs.org.
  - dig _radiovis._tcp.rdns.ebulabs.org srv
    - ;; ANSWER SECTION:
      _radiovis._tcp.rdns.ebulabs.org. 900 IN SRV 0 100 61613 radiovis.ebu.io.
  - telnet radiovis.ebu.io 61613
    - ...
- Capital 95.8MHz, UK
  - dig 09580.c479.ce1.fm.radiodns.org cname
    - ;; ANSWER SECTION:
      09580.c479.ce1.fm.radiodns.org. 900 IN CNAME rdns.musicradio.com.
  - dig _radiovis._tcp.rdns.musicradio.com srv
    - ;; ANSWER SECTION:
      _radiovis._tcp.rdns.musicradio.com. 3600 IN SRV 0 100 61613 vis.musicradio.com.
  - telnet vis.musicradio.com 61613
    - Notes
      - ^@ = Ctrl+@
      - ^] = Ctrl+]
    - Trying 81.20.48.151... Connected to 81.20.48.151. Escape character is '^]'.
    - CONNECT ^@
    - CONNECTED session:d0...
    - SUBSCRIBE id:33 destination: /topic/fm/ce1/c479/09580/imageack: auto ^@
    - MESSAGE content-length:100 expires:0 trigger-time:NOW destination:/topic/fm/ce1/c479/09580/image link:http://www.capitalfm.com/london/on-air/schedule/ subscription:33 priority:4 message-id:ID:lqctwebnode1-46598-1577975869393-2:1:-1:1:42480248 timestamp:1578156710181 SHOW http://slideshow.musicradio.com/slides/GCap_Media/One_Network/Capital_Radio/OnAirNow_235939.jpg
    - MESSAGE ...
    - ...
    - UNSUBSCRIBE id:33 ^@
    - DISCONNECT receipt:77 ^@
    - RECEIPT receipt-id:77 Connection closed by foreign host.

Programari / Software

Software libraries (radiodns.org)

	authoring	server	client
EBU Technical Labs	Content manager 2.0 ebu-content-manager (.net)	RadioDNS manager radiodns-plugit (Python, based on EBU PlugIt) (plugit) ebu-radiovis-server (Java) RabbitMQ with STOMP ActiveMQ with STOMP	radiotag.js RadioVIS HTML5 player (web sockets) radiovis-html5player (github) ebu-radiovis-webplayer (*) (ebu-radiovis-ajaxplayer) radiovis-svg-widget
	RadioVIS generator (Inkscape, Ruby)	node-radiovis (node.js)	pyradiodns (python) php-radiodns (php)
			RadioVIS Demo (BBC) (Python) requisits `sudo dnf install gcc-c++ lib64gtk+3.0-devel`
			Android RadioVIS Demo Smart Audio Station
			WWW RadioDNS tool checker

Servidor / Server
- STOMP
- Message broker
  - Apache ActiveMQ
    - ActiveMQ / STOMP setup
    - ActiveMQ and RadioVIS: Some of the useful things I have learnt from two years of fighting to keep a server running (pdf)
  - RabbitMQ
    - RabbitMQ with STOMP
- HOWTO
  - Add SRV records to your authoritative FQDN
    - use DNS hosting tools (e.g. AWS Route53)
  - Make an XSI file accessible to RadioDNS Hybrid Radio Devices

Manufacturers
- HTC
  - Hybrid Radio Demo (YouTube)
- Samsung
  - Samsung phones integration for RadioDNS

Antenes / Antennas

How does an Antenna work? | ICT #4 (yt)
Antenna Theory Propagation (yt)
Balun
- Baluns:WhatTheyDo And How TheyDo lt (pdf)
...

DCF77

Info
- DCF77 (wp)
- Cheating Time - How to build your own DCF77 transmitter (Andreas Müller)
- Tècnica
  - 77,5 kHz
  - ASK
  - 60 bits/minut
Font / Source
- DCF77 (PTB)
  - DCF77 time code (circular figure)
Maquinari / Hardware
- Rellotges
  - Casio
    - ...
      - Guía de operación 5161 (pdf)
- Receptor / Receiver
  - Perfk module (az)
  - Citizen RCW/SU-3
- Decoder
  - Sigrok Protocol Decoder DCF77
Projectes / Projects
- DCF77 (Blinkenlight)
- Generador / Generator
  - senyal modulat
    - DCFake77
      - ESP32, ESP8266, RPi
      - NTP -> DCF77
    - txtempus (RPi)
      - DCF77 time signal emulator by Raspberry Pi Zero WH
    - DCF77 Generator (Blinkenlight) (Arduino Uno)
      - DCF77 Signal Generator
  - senyal desmodulat
    - NTPtoDCF77
  - ...

Ràdio per Internet / Internet radio

Serveis
- RadioBrowser
  - Home Assistant
- VTuner (de pagament)
  - www.radiodenon.com / denon.vtuner.com
  - Alternatives
    - Radio (marty44)
    - YCast
Receptors / Receivers
- Denon
  - DRA-100
Programari / Software
- YCast
  - servidor local que substitueix VTuner
  - Info
    - How to install a VTuner alternative on a Raspberry Pi alongside Pi-hole
    - [Tuto] YCast : l’alternative gratuite à vTuner (payant)
  - Instal·lació / Installation
    - Raspberry Pi
      - ...
    - Docker
      - Add docker image #13
      - Docker in Synology, using Container Manager
      - creació d'una imatge
        
        francesc.pinyol.m/ycast-docker
        
        Dockerfile
        
        Dockerfile
        
        ycast-docker.zip
        
        docker build --compress -f ycast-dockerfile-v6 -t yourrepro/ycast-docker:v6 .
        
        ...
      - imatge ja creada
        
        mpvd/vtuner-emulator-ycast
        
        docker run -d --name vtuner-ycast -v /home/vtuner/:/srv/ycast/ycast/stations/ -p 8080:80 --restart unless-stopped mpvd/vtuner-emulator-ycast:latest
        
        docker container ls
        
        netraams/ycast-docker
        
        docker run ...
      - creació de tots els contenidors necessaris
        
        docker-compose.yaml (parteix de ...)
        
        ...

http://www.francescpinyol.cat/radio.html
Darrera modificació: 8 de gener de 2025 / Last update: 8th January 2025

Cap a casa / Back home.