Telecom

Index

General OSI/ISO
Operadores / Operators ADSL ADSL + mòbil Associacions Protocols IP Multicast P2P Modulacions / Modulations Intel·ligència ambiental / Ambient intelligence ITU Estàndards / Standards OMA	Comercial Dispositius mòbils / Wireless devices GPS ICT Publicacions / Publications Programari / Software Audio/video conferència Linksys WRT54GL DD-WRT Transmissió per àudio / Audio transmission Ràdio / Radio Tarifes Fax VoIP WAP Xarxes / Networks Programari Captura / Capture Ports VLAN WiFi Tallafocs / Firewalls Zeroconf (.local) Ponts / Bridges NTP DHCP SNMP

General

OSI ISO

interfícies / interfaces

implementació / implementation

distribució / distribution

interconn.

subcapa / sublayer

PDU

OSI

Internet

capa / layer

funció / function

exemple de correus / post example

capa / layer

data

host layers

7 aplicació / application

Network process to application

manager (write letter)

Application
(procés)

ftp (21)
http (80)
mms (1755)
rlogin
smtp (25)
telnet (23)
RTSP (554)

ping

dns (53)
mms
nfs
snmp (161)
tftp (69)

sip (5060)

data

6 presentació / presentation

Data representation and encryption

assistant (correct, format letter)

sockets

data

5 sessió / session

Interhost communication

secretary (envelope)

iptables

Transport
(host to host)

TCP		RTP (2p)	RTCP (2p+1)	XTP	SCTP
	UDP

(ports)

segment

4 transport

End-to-end connections and reliability

driver (to post office)

OpenWRT (cfg)

encaminador / router

packet

media layers

3 xarxa / network

Path determination and logical addressing

intake and sorting

Internet

	ICMP (unicast), IGMP (multicast)	EGP	IGP
IP (v4, v6)
ARP / RARP

NDIS, ODI

Network access

LLC (802.2)

frame

2 enllaç / link

Physical addressing

packaging

ethernet (802.3)

AVB

wifi (802.11)

wimax (802.16)

token ring

fddi

token bus

ppp wan

frame relay

atm

DVB TS

DVB GS

ebtables (filter)
brctl / bridge-utils
vconfig (vlan)

pont, commutador / bridge, switch

MAC

repetidor / hub

bit

1 físic / physical

Media, signal and binary transmission

10baseT
100baseT

802.11a
802.11b
802.11g

DVB mod

DAB

MAC
- IEEE OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier)
  - OUI public listing: public OUI and 'company_id' assignments
- MAC address discovering
- MAC address spoofing
  - Linux
    - GNU MAC changer
  - MSWindows
    - registry
    - macshift
  - MacOS

Operadores / Operators

Numeración (CMT)
- Tablas de numeración (.zip)
Jazztel
- ADSL / mòbil
  - Telèfon d'atenció al client
    - 1565
- Jazztel prepago (Jazzcard)
  - Telèfon d'atenció al client
    - 1569
    - dl-dv: 13:00-21:00
    - ds: 9:00-15:00
  - Área de clientes
    - NIF
  - Condiciones generales
    - S'extingirà el contracte al cap de 60 dies si no es fa:
      - cap consum en 2 mesos
      - cap recàrrega en 5 mesos

Tel.mòbil	Tel.fixa		Internet	Portal
	pers	empr
	Aló
Vodafone Airtel online punts			Airtel Net	Navegalia Vizzavi
		BT
Euskaltel
	Flash10
	Jazztel (t)		Jazzfree
	Madritel
		Ola
	Ono
Amena	Retevisión (t)		Iddeo	eresMas
Amena	Menta Auna
		Sinple
Telefónica Móviles Movistar (tsm) Moviline (tsm) datos, mens. e-moción	Telefónica tarifes botiga online (f) online pàgina personal contestador interfaces		Teleline	Terra páginas personales
	Uni2	Al-pi	@bono (c) CTV-JET	Wanadoo (webmail)

ADSL (banda ampla / broadband)

ADSL (SETSI - MCyT)
- Centrales Locales de ADSL
- Disponibilidad por número de teléfono
Guía de configuración ADSL (MeriStation)
Comparativa de accesos ADSL 256 con router
Escuela de ADSL (Terra)
ADSLayuda
- Wanadoo directo
Wanadoo directo
- Tarifas
- Condiciones
ADSL 4 ever
- Test de velocidad
BandaAncha
ADSL Zone
Zona ADSL2
Revolución ADSL (tabla XLS) (PC Actual)
ADSL: tout savoir sur l'ADSL en France
Vodafone
- Ayuda
  - Códigos para desvíos e identificación de llamadas en Vodafone ADSL
  - ADSL
  - Routers
    - Sercomm AD 1018 ADSL (pdf)
- Foro Vodafone
  - ADSL, Internet y fijo
    - Preguntas y respuestas frecuentes (Teléfono Fijo)
- Configurar y usar otro router con Vodafone ADSL
Jazztel
- Consultas más comunes (ADSL Zone)
- Jazztel paga la permanencia del móvil con Pack Ahorro Sin Límite (NO amb «Pack Ahorro 100»)

ADSL + mòbil

		Orange		Movistar		Vodafone					Jazztel
		Canguro 35	Canguro 45	Fusion Mini 4G	Fusion 4G	Base GB	Smart S	Smart M	Xarxa S	Xarxa M	Pack ahorro 100	Pack ahorro sin límite
ADSL		20	20	10	10	20/35					30	30
fix a fix	nacional	il·limitades	il·limitades	il·limitades	il·limitades	3000'					5000'	5000'
	internacional	-	-	-	-
fix a mòbil		1000'	1000'	-	500' (c.set.) 50' (dl-dv)	350' (c.set.)					-	120'
mòbil	trucades	150'	il·limitades	100'	il·limitades	0€/min (0,1815€/trucada)	200'	200'	il·limitades	il·limitades	100'	il·limitades
	dades	300MB	1GB	100MB	1GB	1GB	600MB	1,2GB	600MB	1,2GB	100MB	1GB
	sms	0,11€/sms	1000 sms		il·limitats	0,12€/sms	0,12€/sms	0,12€/sms	il·limitats	il·limitats		0,10€/sms
	terminal	tienda
	paguen permanència										no	sí
preu
	línia					0 (VoIP)					14,99+iva	14,99+iva
	ADSL					24,20ii			18,15ii		19,99+iva	19,95+iva
	mòbil					11,00ii	18,00ii	25,00ii	30,00ii	36,00ii	0	10,00+iva
total €		35	45	34,9	49,9						34,94	44,94
total € iva inclòs		42,35ii	54,45ii	42,2ii	60,37ii	35,20ii	42,20ii	49,20ii	48,15ii	54,15ii	42,27ii	54,37ii

Associacions

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Col·legi Oficial d'Enginyers de Telecomunicació de Catalunya (COETC)
Associació Catalana d'Enginyers de Telecomunicació (ACET)
Instituto de la Ingeniería de España (IIES)
- Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación COIT/AEIT
  - PESIT (estudios socioprofesionales)
- BIT (publicació)
Localret

Protocols

Why is SCTP needed given TCP and UDP are widely available?

Internet Protocol (IP)

Internet suit protocol (Wikipedia)
Subnetwork (Wikipedia)

class	leading bits	start	end	default submask	CIDR notation	use
A	0xxxxxxx.X.X.X	1.0.0.0	126.0.0.0	255.0.0.0	/8
B	10xxxxxx.X.X.X	128.0.0.0	191.255.0.0	255.255.0.0	/16
C	110xxxxx.X.X.X	192.0.0.0	223.255.255.0	255.255.255.0	/24
D	1110xxxx.X.X.X	224.0.0.0	239.255.255.0			multicast
E	1111xxxx.X.X.X	240.0.0.0	255.255.255.0			reserved

Private networks (RFC 3330 "Special-Use IPv4 addresses"):

range	CIDR notation
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255	/8
169.254.0.0/16	/16	Link Local (APIPA: no DHCP found) (`/etc/networks`: link-local) RFC 3927 169.254.169.254: used by AWS
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255	/12
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255	/16

Multicast

Programari multicast / Multicast software
- netstat for multicast

Internet Multicast Addresses (IANA) (224.0.0.0/4 -> 11100000.0.0.0):

start	end	notation	block	notes
224.0.0.0	224.0.0.255	224.0.0/24	Local Network Control	TTL=1 (not forwarded by routers)
224.0.1.0	224.0.1.255	224.0.1/24	Internetwork Control	global
224.0.2.0	224.0.255.255		Ad-hoc I
224.1.0.0	224.1.255.255	224.1/16	Reserved
224.2.0.0	224.2.255.255	224.2/16	SDP/SAP (SAPv1: 224.2.127.254)
224.3.0.0	224.4.255.255	224.3/16, 224.4/16	Ad-hoc II
224.5.0.0	224.251.255.255	251/16s	Reserved
224.252.0.0	224.255.255.255	224.252/14	DIS Transient Groups
225.0.0.0	231.255.255.255	7/8s	Reserved
232.0.0.0	232.255.255.255	232/8	Source-specific multicast
233.0.0.0	233.251.255.255	233.0.0.0/8	GLOP	RFC 2770 (AS number)
233.252.0.0	233.255.255.255	233.252/14	Ad-hoc III
234.0.0.0	234.255.255.255		Unicast-prefix-based
235.0.0.0	238.255.255.255		Scoped multicast ranges: reserved
239.0.0.0	239.255.255.255		Scoped multicast ranges: organization-local scope	RFC 2365

MAC multicast addresses (Cisco):


01:00:5e:00:00:00	01:00:5e:7f:ff:ff	IANA multicast

multicast: xxxx xxx1: xxxx xxxx : xxxx xxxx : xxxx xxxx

TCP/IP handbook (pdf)
sendip: Send arbitrary IP packets
- urpmi sendip
Packet size

P2P (Peer-to-peer)

Online Audio/Video
WWW P2P
Programari / Software
- JXTA (Java, C, C++, C#)

Modulacions / Modulations

	2	4	8	16	32	64	256
QAM		4-QAM		16-QAM	32-QAM	64-QAM	256-QAM
PSK	BPSK	QPSK	8-PSK
APSK				16-APSK	32-APSK

DVB-T, DVB-T2
DVB-S, DVB-S2

Intel·ligència ambiental / Ambient intelligence

Ambient intelligence (wp)
Programari
- Osami-Commons (*)

ITU International Telecommunication Union

sector	study group		working party		question		publications / recommendations (series structure)	ISO/IEC joint
ITU-R Radiocommunication (pub)	SG1		WP1A	Spectrum engineering techniques
			WP1B	Spectrum management methodologies and economic strategies
			WP1C	Spectrum monitoring
	SG3		WP3J	Propagation fundamentals
			WP3K	Point-to-area propagation
			WP3L	Ionospheric propagation and radio noise
			WP3M	Point-to-point and Earth-space propagation
	SG4		WP4A	Efficient orbit/spectrum utilization for FSS and BSS
			WP4B	Systems, air interfaces, performance and availability objectives for FSS, BSS and MSS, including IP-based
			WP4C	Efficient orbit/spectrum utilization for MSS and RDSS
	SG5		WP5A	Land mobile service above 30 MHz (excluding IMT); wireless access in the fixed service; amateur and amateur-satellite services
			WP5B	Maritime mobile service including Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS); aeronautical mobile service and radiodetermination service
			WP5C	Fixed wireless systems; HF and other systems below 30 MHz in the fixed and land mobile services
			WP5D	IMT Systems
	SG6		WP6A	Terrestrial broadcasting delivery			BT.500 Methodology for the subjective assessment of the quality of television pictures BT.601 Studio encoding parameters of digital television for standard 4:3 and wide screen 16:9 aspect ratios (wp) () BT.656 Interface for digital component video signals in 525-line and 625-line television systems operating at the 4:2:2 level of Recommendation ITU-R BT.601 (wp) BT.709 Parameter values for the HDTV standards for production and international programme exchange (wp) () BT.1364 Format of ancillary data signals carried in digital component studio interfaces (SDI)
			WP6B	Broadcast service assembly and access
			WP6C	Programme production and quality assessment
	SG7		WP7B	Space radiocommunication applications
			WP7C	Remote sensing systems
			WP7D	Radio astronomy
ITU-T Standardization (series structure)(pub)	TSAG	Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group
	SG2	Operational aspects of service provision and telecommunications management
	SG3	Tariff and accounting principles including related telecommunication economic and policy issues
	SG5	Environment and climate change
	SG9	Television and sound transmission and integrated broadband cable networks					APIs for interactive TV
	SG11	Signalling requirements, protocols and test specifications
	SG12	Performance, QoS and QoE
	SG13	Future networks including mobile and NGN			Q21/13	Future Networks		JTC 1 / SC 6 / WG7 (Network and transport layers)
	SG15	Optical transport networks and access network infrastructures			Q4	Transceivers for customer access and in-premises networking systems on metallic conductors
	SG15				...
	SG16	Multimedia coding, systems and applications (structure)	PLEN	Plenary	...
			WP1	Network signal processing and voiceband terminals	...
			WP2	Applications and systems	Q13	Multimedia application platforms and end systems for IPTV	H.762 "Lightweight interactive multimedia environment (LIME) for IPTV services" H.721 ...
			WP2	Applications and systems	...
			WP3	Media coding	Q6	Visual coding / Video Coding Experts Group VCEG (wp)	Flyers: Multimedia communications H.264 ... H.2(?)	JTC 1 / SC 29 / WG 11 (MPEG)
					Q7
					Q8
					Q9
					Q10
	SG17	Security
ITU-D Development (pub)

Estàndards / Standards

3GPP
- AT command set for User Equipment (UE): 27.007
- AT commands
- AV file format
- DRM
- TV Middleware
IEEE
- Ethernet
  - AVB - Audio Video Bridging (wp) (*)
    - 802.1BA
    - 802.1Qav
    - P802.1Qat
    - P802.1AS
ITU

LTE (4G)

Así está el panorama del 4G en España, su cobertura y últimas novedades
Jazztel 4G
Cómo saber si un móvil chino Android será compatible con la red de mi país
¿Qué móviles chinos 4G funcionan en España?

banda	freqüència	companyies, països	altres usos
12	700MHz	T-Mobile EUA
28	700MHz
20	800MHz		abans: GSM, TDT
5	850MHz
8	900MHz
4	1700MHz 2100MHz	Amèrica
3	1800MHz	Orange Yoigo
1	2100MHz		3G
40	2300MHz	Xina Nigèria Austràlia
7	2600MHz	Movistar Orange Vodafone Jazztel Ono Telecable R
42	3500MHz		WiMax

OMA (Open Mobile Alliance)

Info
- Open Mobile Alliance
- Open Mobile Alliance (wp)

	Working group	docs	other info
TP	Technical Penary
	Architecture
BCAST	Broadcasting		OMA BCAST (wp)
CD	Content Distribution
DM	Device Management		OMA DM (wp)
DRM	Digital Rights Management	DRM DRM 1.0 DRM 2.0 DRM 2.1 DRM 2.2 RICD RICD 1.0 SRM SRM 1.0 SRM 1.1 SCE SCE 1.0	OMA DRM (wp)
IOP	Interoperability
LOC	Location
COM	Communications
REL	Release Planning & Management
REQ	Requirements

OMA DRM

DRM Content Format

	description	purpose	mime-type	file extension	ISOBFF brand	encryption	tools
DCF	DRM Content Format	discrete media (ring tones, applications, images)	`application/vnd.oma.drm.dcf`	.odf .o4a (audio) .o4v (video)	odcf	NULL AES_128_CBC (cipher block chaining) AES_128_CTR (counter mode)	Bento4 `mp4dcfpackager`
PDCF	Packetised DRM Content Format	continuous media (audio, video)			opf2		Bento4 mp4encrypt

Comercial

Alcatel (Europa)
- Telèfons mòbils / Mobile phones
Com1
Nokia
- Careers

Dispositius mòbils / Wireless devices

GPS

Navegadors / Navigators

Garmin
TomTom
- TomTome Home
  - TomTom Home on wine
    - no funciona amb wine64; feu servir wine (32 bits)
    - Bug 31951: TomTom Home SatNav needs KERNEL32.dll.SetVolumeMountPointW
    - Bug 7711: TomTom Home can not detect TomTom devices
  - Alternatives
    - pyTomTom (alternative to TomTom Home)
      - urpmi cabextract
    - jTomTom

Comercial / Commercial

ActivaGPS

	ActivaGPS	Optize	Pixmania	Misco
TomTom 520				360 + iva
TomTom 720	444,95 ii		457 ii + 8,50
antena		16 + iva	46 ii	16 + iva
TMC		73 + iva	77 ii

Programari / Software
- LinuxPPS
- WXtrack
- Viking GPS
- GpsDrive
- gpsd
Stratum-0 NTP servers
Dades / Data:
Viewing data:
- GPS NMEA data to Google Map converter

ICT

Col·legi Oficial d'Enginyers de Telecomunicació de Catalunya - COETC
- ICT
  - Preguntes més freqüents
  - Fitxes tècniques sobre ICTs
Generalitat de Catalunya
Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio
- Secretaría de Estado de Telecomunicaciones y para la Sociedad de la Información - SETSI
  - Canales asignados a entidades habilitadas para la difusión de la televisión analógica
Fenitel (Federación de Instaladores de Telecomunicaciones)
Coordenades geogràfiques / Geographic coordinates
Legislació
- ICT
  - Normativa ICT (Direcció General d'Infraestructures i Serveis de Telecomunicacions)
- TV
  - Legislació TDT (Fòrum TDT Catalunya)
  - Legislación Radio y TV (SETSI)

			pdf	html
Estatal	ICT	RD 201-98	fenitel
		RD 279/99
		Orden 26 oct 1999
		RD 401/2003	fenitel gencat
		Orden CTE/1296/2003	fenitel gencat
		Orden ITC/1077/2006	coetc
	TV	RD 2169/1998 (plan técnico TDT)		setsi
		RD 439/2004 (TDT local)	boe
		RD 2268/2004 (TDT local)	boe
		Ley 10/2005 (impulso TDT)	boe
		RD 944/2005 (impulso TDT)	boe	not_j
		RD 945/2005 (impulso TDT)	boe
		Orden ITC/2476/2005 (TDT)	boe
Catalunya	ICT	Decret 172/1999	gencat
		Decret 116/2000	gencat
		Decret 117/2000	gencat (q)

Publicacions / Publications

Buran (Branca d'estudiants de l'IEEE de Barcelona)
"Historias de las telecomunicaciones", José de la Peña, Ed. Ariel, 2003
"The Worldwide History of Telecommunications"

Programari / Software

Xarxes
Firmware
- Linksys WRT54GL (Wikipedia)
  - Third-party firmware projects (Wikipedia)
  - LinksysInfo
    - 3rd Party Firmware Comparison: WRT54G/GS
  - OpenWrt (Linux distribution for wireless routers) (WRT54G <= v4, WRT54GL)
  - HyperWrt (WRT54G, WRT54GS)
  - OpenIXP
  - DD-WRT
    - Wiki
      - File versions
      - Hard reset (30/30/30)
      - Linksys WRT54GL
      - Linking routers
        
        Repeater bridge
        
        Client bridged
        
        Client mode (NAT)
      - Chilispot (captive portal)
      - Cellular Phone/USB Modem as WAN connection
    - hosts (DNS)
  - Tomato
  - Opennet Firmware
  - EarthLink IPv6 in the home
  - Bat Box wrt54g
  - Mode pont / Bridge mode
    - Client bridge (Wireless bridge: figure) (DD-WRT)
    - How to Configure a WRT54GL as a Bridge
- VxWorks
Asterisk (centraletes / PBX)
Asterisk@Home Trixbox
Biblioteques / Libraries
- IT++
DUNDi (Distributed Universal Number Discovery)
Ekiga (SIP, H323)
Fax
JWChat (web-based Jabber client)
kphone (SIP, VoIP)
Kopete (KDE)
Morfeo-Project (Telefónica)
OpenH323
Psi Jabber
SkypevConf (multi-person video conference)
Speak Freely (SGI inst version) (also for Windows)
Audio/video conference
- The best video chat app for Linux
- BigBlueButton (educació / learning)
- SkypevConf (multi-person video conference)
- Android
- OpenTok (TokBox)
- Google Hangouts
- Gmail video (Google Voide and Video)
  - How Gmail Video Chat Works ?
  - XMPP (Jabber)
- GNU Free call
- ClassX (ROI streaming)
- Live Minutes
- Skype
  - High Speed Conferencing (Vapps)
  - Mageia 4 Linux 64 bits
    - dependencies of 32 bits libraries:
      - urpmi libalsa2 libxv1 libxscrnsaver1 libqtdbus4 libqtwebkit2.2_4 libalsa-plugins-pulseaudio
    - wget http://download.skype.com/linux/skype-4.2.0.11.tar.bz2
    - http://www.skype.com/en/download-skype/skype-for-linux/downloading/?type=dynamic
    - tar --directory /opt -xvjf skype-4.3.0.37.tar.bz2
    - cd /opt; ln -s skype-4.3.0.37 skype
    - /opt/skype/skype

Transmissió per àudio /Audio transmission

Tecnologia / Technology
- AFSK: Audio frequency-shift keying (wp)
- Mòdem / Modem
- Modulacions / Modulations
- Near Sound Data Transfer Technology (NSDT)? (8 patents) (Tagattitude) (wp)
Programari / Software
- minimodem - general-purpose software audio FSK modem (Linux)
- Potsduino (Arduino POTS)
- Chirp (iOS)
  - how does Chirp app implemented? (so)
  - A new app lets you send pictures via sound (Computerworld)
- Any recommendation for sound card FSK demodulator software?

Ràdio / Radio

Radio waves (RF bands) (wp)

Tarifes

Teleprix
Teltarifas
Calculadora de tu mejor tarifa y averigua la mejor manera de comprar un móvil o smartphone (Xataka Móvil)

Fax

Fax-Modems
- Top-Longer Módem Fax, Internet y Teléfono USB de 56K es Compatible con los Sistemas Operativos de Windows y Linux
- V-Top External V.92 56K USB Fax Modem for Windows & Mac-Hardware (model UM02)
  - Conexant CX93010
  - ID 0572:1340 Conexant Systems (Rockwell), Inc.
  - /dev/ttyACM0
Programari / Software
- Serial communication
  - AT commands
- efax
  - install
    - Mageia
      - urpmi efax-gtk
  - usage
    - Preferències / Mòdem
      - Dispositiu sèrie: ttyACM0
ONT
- ZTE F680
  - Application / VoIP / Fax: Enable T38

VoIP

Internet Telephony Interoperability Consortium
FAQ: How can I use the Internet as a telephone?
Programari AV conferència / AV conference software

Jazztel - ZTE F680

ZTE ZXHN F680 (Redes Zone)

unlock device

Info:
- Sacando la configuración del router de Pepephone para configurar uno alternativo
  - hash
    - QuickHash
  - modify level of a web access user
    - samba: new busybox
    - telnet 192.168.0.1 27
      - sendcmd 1 DB set DevAuthInfo 1 Level 1
        sendcmd 1 DB save
      - Note: Level 0 also works
    - web admin
      - Application / VoIP
    - V2.0.10T16 : asteriscs
- Wake on LAN con el Router ZTE F680 de Jazztel (añadir ARP y conseguir permisos root por telnet)
  - telnet limitat
  - client samba linux
- Firmwares routers ZTE FTTH JAZZTEL
- Extraer datos GPON y SIP del router ZTE F680
  - alternative method to get GPION password
    - gpontest -greginfo_1g
  - Método KirO
    - Cómo obtener datos, incluidos los de VoIP, en el router ZTE F680 (KirO)
    - Método de KirO para sacar los datos SIP del ZTE F680
    - Obtener datos Router ZTE F680 (wiki)
      - plug usb stick into lateral (/mnt/usb2_1_1) USB slot
      - unlock ONT: start telnet on port 27 using samba exploit
      - telnet 192.168.1.1 27
        
        /bin/cat /dev/mem >/mnt/usb2_1_1/ramf680.txt
      - remove usb stick and plug into your Linux computer
      - strings ramf680.txt >ramf680.strings.txt
      - get GPON password
        
        ...
      - get SIP password
        
        get your "Authorization Username" from web interface (login with user with at least Level=1 privileges):
        
        Application / VoIP / SIP Accounts:
        
        Username: +34...
        
        Authorization Username: xxx@ims.jazztel.net
        
        grep -A 2 xxx@ims.jazztel.net ramf680.strings.txt
        
        xxx@ims.jazztel.net
        yyyyyy
        +34...
        
        result can appear several (3?) times
        
        yout clear SIP password is yyyyyy
Method 1: busybox / samba
- Info
  - Desbloqueando el router ZTE F680
  - Sacando los datos del router de Fibra Masmovil
- Steps
  1. get a USB stick
  2. format it in NTFS
  3. put 3 files in it:
    - ln -s /var/samba/lib/smb.conf .
    - wget https://busybox.net/downloads/binaries/1.21.1/busybox-armv7l
    - mv busybox-armv7l busybox
    - cp busybox sh
  4. connect the usb stick to ONT
  5. enable samba server in ONT
  6. access the samba files in your ONT from your computer (old Windows, or allow SMB v1.0 on new versions)
    - edit smb.conf
  7. start a new samba client (old Windows, or allow SMB v1.0 on new versions)
  8. connect to new telnet session on port 27
    - telnet 192.168.1.1 27
      - sendcmd 1 DB p DevAuthInfo
      - sendcmd 1 DB p GPONCFG
      - sendcmd 1 DB p VoIPSIPLine
      - sendcmd 1 DB p TelnetCfg
    - depending on your version (e.g. V2.0.10T16) you may get asterisks for password values; use KirO method instead

Method 2: UART

Info

Steps

physical connection:

ONT			USB - UART
ZTE F680			Sparkfun FTDI Basic Breakout - 5V (DEV-09716)
1
2	Tx	white	RXI
3	Rx	black	TXO
4	GND	brown	GND
5

backup ONT config from web admin:
- Administration / System Management / User Configuration Management: Backup Configuration
serial connection (Linux serial communication)
- screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200
- restart ONT
- press enter on tty session
- user/password: root/root (root/Zte521)
- for next steps, depending on your version (e.g. V2.0.10T16) you may get asterisks for password values; use KirO method instead
- extract admin credentials (to be used as credentials in web access):
  - sendcmd 1 DB p DevAuthInfo
    - <DM name="User" val="admin" AccessAttr="0"/>
      <DM name="Pass" val="########" AccessAttr="0"/>
- extract GPON password (to use another ONT with our F680 as a router):
  - sendcmd 1 DB p GPONCFG
    - <DM name="Vendor_ID" val="ZTEG" AccessAttr="0"/>
      ...
      <DM name="Password" val="xXxXxXxxX#" AccessAttr="0"/>
- extract SIP credentials (to be able to use IP phones):
  - sendcmd 1 DB p VoIPSIPLine
    - <DM name="AuthUserName" val="+34#########" AccessAttr="0"/>
      <DM name="AuthPassword" val="XxXxX#xX" AccessAttr="0"/>
      <DM name="DigestUserName" val="+34#########@ims.masmovil.com" AccessAttr="0"/>
- enable telnet access (permanent until next reset)
  - sendcmd 1 DB set TelnetCfg 0 UserTypeFlag 0 sendcmd 1 DB save
...

telnet connection (you need an unlocked device; see previous steps)
- Info
  - Wake on LAN con el Router ZTE F680 de Jazztel (añadir ARP y conseguir permisos root por telnet)
- telnet 192.168.1.1
  - user/password: root/Zte521

SIP config

Info:
- Teléfono VoIP SIP, configuración y obtención de los datos de un router
  - ATA SIP Grandstream HT701

Steps:

unlock device and get admin credentials
web access: admin/...
get SIP info from ONT
- sendcmd 1 DB p VoIPSIPLine
  sendcmd 1 DB p DevInfo

config:

source	field	example	ATA SIP Grandstream HT701	Android Phone app	Ekiga	Twinkle	...
Web : Application/VoIP/SIP (user with Level=1 in DevAuthInfo) (`sendcmd 1 DB p VoIPSIPServer`)	Primary Registrar Server	ims.jazztel.net	Primary SIP Server	Servidor	Registrador	SIP server: Registrar	Domain
	Secondary Registrar Server	ims.jazztel.net	Failover SIP Server
	Primary Outbond Proxy Server	212.x.x.x	Outbond Proxy	Adreça del servidor intermediari de sortida		Outbond proxy: Outbond proxy
	Primary Proxy Port	5060	Local SIP Port	Número de port
`sendcmd 1 DB p VoIPSIPLine` (or use KirO method)	AuthUserName	+34...	SIP User ID	Nom d'usuari	Usuari	SIP account: User name
	DigestUserName	...@ims.jazztel.net	Authenticate ID		Authentication user	SIP authentication: Authentication name
	AuthPassword	xxxx	Authenticate Password	Contrasenya	Contrasenya	SIP authentication: Password
`sendcmd 1 DB p DevInfo`		ZXHN <ManuFacturer><ModelName>/<BootVer>_<ProvisioningCode><SoftwareVer_fromT>	Use SIP User-Agent Header

Maquinari
- Gateway
  - Linksys SPA3102
  - ATA SIP Grandstream HT701
- Terminals
  - ¿Qué teléfonos SIP puedo utilizar con 3CX?
Programari / Software
- List of SIP software (wp)
- Linux
  - Ekiga
  - Twinkle
- Android
  - Info
    - Cómo hacer llamadas SIP en Android
    - VoIP Jazztel en Android ( CSipSimple )
      - telèfpn analògic deixa de funcionar
  - Aplicacions
    - Aplicació nativa de Telèfon
      - Fer trucades per Wi-Fi
        
        Opció 2: utilitzar un servei VoIP per fer trucades per Wi-Fi
        
        Configuració / Trucades / Comptes de trucades / Comptes SIP / +

WAP

Xarxes / Networks

Documents
- Wireless Networking Basics (Netgear)
- Preparing your network (Netgear)
- Virtual Private Networks Basics (Netgear)
- Glossary (Netgear)

Programari / Software

Desenvolupament / Development
- Biblioteques C/C++ xarxa / C/C++ Network libraries
Network in Linux
- LinuxNet wiki
- Gestió / Management
  - nmap
    - Install
      - sudo dnf install nmap
  - ifconfig
  - route
- Captura / Capture
- Analitzador / Analyser
- Monitoratge / Monitoring
- Simulació / Simulation
- Emulació / Emulation
- Info
  - ethtool eth0
LEAF (Linux Embedded Appliance Firewall)
- LRP
nessus (securtiy scanner)
- Nessus (iptables)
Samba
- Utilitats / Utilities
- Using Samba
- - Ch. 8: Advanced Disk Shares
- GUI
  - smb4k (KDE)
- HOWTO use CIFS instead of SMBFS
Open SSH
Open SSH on Windows

Tallafocs / Firewalls
- Interactive Firewall (Mandrivalinux)
- KMyFirewall
Netdisco (web-based network management, SNMP)
name / IP address
- DNS
  - Instal·lació / Installation
    - Mageia
      - urpmi bind-utils
  - nslookup/dig dns_name
  - nslookup/dig ip_address
  - dig
    - dig server.toto.org
    - specific type (e.g. TXT):
    - specify DNS server
      - dig @8.8.8.8 server.toto.org
    - Inverse
      - dig -x y.y.y.y
- NetBios (MS Windows)
  - Instal·lació / Installation
    - Mageia
      - urpmi samba-client
  - nmblookup windows_name
  - nmblookup -A ip_address
  - findsmb
  - #!/bin/bash x=1 while [ $x -le 255 ] do nmblookup -A 172.16.11.$x x=$((x+1)) done

Ports

Tipus
- 0-1023: well known ports
- 1024-49151: registered ports
- 49151-65536: dynamic and private ports
Llistat / List
- cat /etc/services
Els ports poden estar blocats per / Ports can be blocked by:
- Tallafoc / Firewall
- SELinux
- AWS security group
Open a port (eg udp:123 NTP)
- iptables -I INPUT 1 -m udp -p udp -s 0/0 --sport 123 -d 0/0 --dport 123 -j ACCEPT (*)
- using shorewall (urpmi shorewall)
- firewalld
List of ports

List of TCP and UDP port numbers (wp)
Port numbers (IANA)
cat /etc/services

List of open ports (UNIX tips):

How to check open ports in Linux using the CLI

local machine:

ss (iproute2)
- ss -tulpn

netstat

DEPRECATED. Use iproute2 (see equivalence table) tools: ip -s, ss, ip route

Instal·lació / Installation
- Mageia
- CentOS
  - sudo yum install net-tools
netstat -pena --ip
- if a port is listed, it means that a process is listening to it
netstat -tulpn | grep LISTEN
multicast
- netstat -g
- netstat -anu|sort -nk4

Local address:

Local address	description	nmap from other computer	config
			Apache	nginx	Postgresql	Postfix
					postgresql.conf	main.cf
127.0.0.1:<port>	service is only available locally	-		listen localhost:80;	listen_addresses = 'localhost'	inet_interfaces = localhost
0.0.0.0:<port>	service is available from any computer from outside, through any network interface	<port>/tcp open <service>		listen 80;	listen_addresses = '*'	inet_interfaces = all
192.168.1.100:<port>	service is available from any computer from outside, through network interface with address 192.168.1.100	<port>/tcp open <service>		listen 192.168.1.100:80;	listen_addresses = '192.168.1.100' port = 5432	inet_interfaces = $myhostname

remote machine:
- nmap
  - Examples
    - scan 1000 most used ports:
      - nmap <server_ip>
    - scan a specific port:
      - nmap -p 11211 <server_ip>
    - if remote computer has a firewall:
      - nmap -Pn <server_ip>
    - nmap-v -sU -pU:123 --reason <server_ip>
    - UDP (-sU)
      - sudo nmap -sU -p 19302 stun.l.google.com
  - STATE
    - open: port is accessible and a process is listening to it
    - closed (not listed when remote computer has no firewall): port is accessible, but no process is listening to it
    - filtered (not listed, unless option "-d -d" is specified): port is not accessible, because it is blocked by:
      - firewall (firewalld, shorewall, iptables)
      - AWS security group
      - SELinux (?)
- nc / netcat / ncat
  - Examples
    - port range 20-30
      - nc -z ip_address 20-30
    - UDP
      - nc -vu stun.l.google.com 19302

who is using a port
- fuser 80/tcp

arping
- arping -c 3 -b -I em0 195.168.1.10
- How to: Detect Duplicate IP Address With arping command under Linux
  - arping -c 2 -b -D -I em0 192.168.1.10
Multicast
- Multicast over TCP/IP HOWTO
  - ping 224.0.0.1
- route
  - Multicast HowTo
    - CORE (Common Open Research Emulator)
  - static
    - smcroute
  - dynamic
    - mrouted
      - Linux mrouted MiniHOWTO (How to set up Linux for multicast routing)
    - pimd
IPv6
- /proc/net/if_inet6
- The IPv6 Portal
- IPv6-aware Programming on Linux
- Debian IPv6 Networking Configuration

MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) (wp)

Network	MTU (bytes)
16 Mbit/Sec Token Ring	17914
4 Mbits/Sec Token Ring	4464
FDDI	4352
Ethernet	1500
IEEE 802.3/802.2	1492
PPPoE	1492
PPPoA	1458
X.25	576

Linux MTU change size ()
SpeedGuide analizer
- Linux tweaking

Desenvolupament / Development

UDP

Potser haureu de deshabilitar el tallafoc

	send	receive
ncat	`echo -ne "\x04\x00\x10\x00" \| ncat -u 192.168.0.111 21105`
C++
Python	`import socket UDP_DST_IP = "192.168.0.111" UDP_DST_PORT = 21105 UDP_PAYLOAD = "..." sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) sock.sendto(bytes(UDP_PAYLOAD, "utf-8"), (UDP_IP, UDP_PORT)) sock.close()`	`import socket UDP_PORT = 8888 sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) sock.bind(('', UDP_PORT)) while True: data, addr = sock.recvfrom(1024) print("received message:") print(data.decode('utf-8'))`
ESP32	WiFiUDPClient.ino`#include <WiFiUdp.h> void loop(){ //only send data when connected if(connected){ Serial.println(String(millis()) + " sending udp packet"); //Send a packet udp.beginPacket(udpAddress,udpPort); udp.printf("Seconds since boot: %lu", millis()/1000); udp.endPacket(); } //Wait for 1 second delay(1000); }`
Java
...

VLAN
- Switch
  - Allied AT-GS950/8
- VLAN support in Linux (Linux Journal)
- Configurar una VLAN en Linux con vconfig
Xarxes domèstiques / Home networks
WiFi
- maquinari / hardware
  - firmware
- Linux
- Wireless access point (Ask Leo)
- Sagem Orga and Telefonica turn the SIM card into a Wi-Fi hotspot
- Capacitat / Capacity
  - Best Practices for High Density Wireless Network Design In Education and Small/Medium Businesses (pdf) (Netgear)
  - WiFi sites survey (Ekahau)
  - [Tutorial]Calculating Number of APs for High Density Scenarios
  - High-Density Wi-Fi Design Principles (pdf) (Aerohive)
  - WiFi downloads
Accés remot / Remote access
HomeRF
Home Networking Tutorial
Practically Networked
Ponts / Bridges
Tallafocs / Firewalls
- firestarter
- shorewall (Mageia)
- ufw (Ubuntu)
- iptables
- firewalld (CentOS)
- Linuxrouter

Zeroconf (.local)

Using Zeroconf on Linux: What Is It Good For?
Protocols
- mDNS (multicast DNS)
- DNS-SD (service discovery)

	package installation	usage	info	ports	Mageia Control Center (shorewall)
server			Synology NAS DSM 7: File Services -> Advanced ssh ps aux \| grep avahi
	`apt-get install avahi-daemon`	`insserv avahi-daemon`	Debian / RPi
	`urpmi avahi`	`systemctl start avahi-daemon`	Mageia
	`yum install avahi`	`systemctl start avahi-daemon`	CentOS
client		dolphin network:/	mDNS (multicast DNS)	5353/udp	Seguretat / Tallafoc personal: «Autodescobriment de serveis de xarxa (zeroconf i slp)»
		dolphin zeroconf:/	DNS-SD (service discovery)	(still needed?) 427/udp
	avahi	`avahi-browse -a -r -t`
	avahi-x11	`avahi-discover-standalone`
	avahi-python	`avahi-discover`

Servidor / Server
- Synology
- Avahi (Linux)
  - Config
    - /etc/avahi/avahi-daemon.conf
      - [server] host-name=my_pc domain-name=local
    - /etc/avahi/services/
      - Advertising Linux Services via Avahi/Bonjour
      - httpd.service
        
        <?xml version="1.0" standalone='no'?> <!DOCTYPE service-group SYSTEM "avahi-service.dtd"> <service-group> <name replace-wildcards="yes">HTTP server on %h</name> <service> <type>_http._tcp</type> <port>80</port> </service> </service-group>
      - openssh.service
        
        <?xml version="1.0" standalone='no'?> <!DOCTYPE service-group SYSTEM "avahi-service.dtd"> <service-group> <name replace-wildcards="yes">Remote Access on %h</name> <service> <type>_ssh._tcp</type> <port>22</port> </service> <service> <type>_sftp-ssh._tcp</type> <port>22</port> </service> </service-group>
  - Ports ... must be open
  - Start / Stop / Status
    - systemd services
      - systemctl status avahi-daemon.service
    - SysV init
      - service avahi-daemon start
    - Debian / Raspberry Pi
      - sudo insserv avahi-daemon
      - ...
  - Problemes / Problems
    - no es troben màquines remotes de tipus .local
      - cerqueu-les amb:
        
        avahi-discover-standalone
      - comproveu que la màquina remota té engegat el servidor (p.ex. avahi, tant en una màquina linux com en un NAS Synology)
      - comproveu que el tallafoc de la instància des d'on voleu veure la remota, permet el pas dels paquets zeroconf:
        
        Mageia
        
        Autodescobriment de serveis de xarxa (zeroconf i slp)
      - avahi-daemon and ".local" domain issues
  - ...
Client
- Ports must be open
- Dolphin
  - Xarxa / Network (remote:)
    - Xarxa / Network (mDNS) (network:/)
    - Serveis de xarxa / Network services (DNS-SD) (zeroconf:/)
- CLI (avahi)
  - avahi-browse -a -r -t (dnf install avahi)
  - avahi-discover (urpmi avahi-python)
  - avahi-discover-standalone (urpmi avahi-x11)
Programari / Software
- Howl
- Bonjour (wp)

Network switching tutorial
Network interfaces (OpenWrt)
IP over DVB
- ipdvb (IETF)
NTP (Network Time Protocol) (123/UDP)
- NTP
  - Servers
  - NTP Support web
- pool.ntp.org
- NTP: timing is everything (Linux Magazine)
- Cómo mantener la hora exacta de tu ordenador mediante NTP (Oxixares)
- Time Tools (Mandriva Club)
- Sincronització de la data i l?hora en les xarxes dels centre (pdf)
- Instalación de un servidor NTP
- Gentoo Howto NTP (restrict with firewalls)
- Using the NIST Leap Second File
- Setup (Linux, MS Windows)
- Stratum-0 servers from GPS
  - NTP GPS/TAC2 Project
  - Windows time server: TripNav TN-200
- Commercial products
  - Symmetricom
  - TimeTools
PTP (Precision Time Protocol) (IEEE 1588) (Wikipedia)
- IEEE 1588 (Institute of Embedded Systems)
  - PTPManager
- Using PTP for synchronizing legacy networks (Meinberg)
TCP Westwood+ congestion control
hosts (DNS)
- UNIX
  - /etc/hosts
- dd-wrt
  - Services / Services / DNSMasq
    - Enable LocalDNS
      - address=/fake_domain.org/192.168.1.123
- MS Windows
Problema: paquets duplicats / Problem: duplicated packets
- Check that you don't have a network interface called "PANDA NDIS IM Filter"
DHCP
- DHCP | Internet Systems Consortium
  - Migration Tips For Upgrading From DHCP 3 to DHCP 4
- Client
  - dhclient
    - DHCP_HOSTNAME
- Configuració de servidor / Server setup
Problemes / Problems
- L'accés a alguns servidors darrere una NAT funciona per WiFi però no per Ethernet / Access to some servers behind a NAT works using WiFi but not using Ethernet
  - Solució / Solution
    - a l'encaminador, assegureu-vos que la connexió ADSL és PPPoE (MTU=1492) i no PPPoA (MTU=1458) / in the router, check that ADSL connection is using PPPoE (MTU=1492) and not PPPoA (MTU=1458)
SNMP
- Programari / Software
- DVB
- Synology

http://www.francescpinyol.cat/telecom.html
Darrera modificació: 25 de juny de 2024 / Last update: 25th June 2024

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